Q1. Single-cell and spatial assays are powering translational research but aren’t yet routine diagnostics. What’s the biggest barrier — scientific, regulatory, or cultural — to bringing these technologies into clinical use?
The biggest barrier right now is clinical evidence. We already know that single-cell and spatial assays can capture critical biology that traditional diagnostics can’t. The technology is maturing – it’s robust, scalable and starting to be used in translational studies that link cell and tissue biology to treatment response in ways that weren’t possible before.
What’s needed next are large, well-powered studies across disease indications that build on the clinical signals already emerging from this initial work. At 10x, we’re working hard to make that possible.
That’s the inflection point for any new measurement technology. Once you can show that what you’re measuring actually predicts patient outcomes and improves clinical decisions, whether that’s providing a prognosis or choosing a therapy, the rest follows. Regulators, clinicians and payers all move quickly if the evidence of clinical utility is there and if that evidence is strong.
So our focus at 10x is enabling that shift: working with researchers to generate that foundation, to run those studies at scale with clinical samples in ways that are reproducible and cost-effective. As that body of evidence builds, the regulatory and cultural alignment will naturally follow.
Q2. As spatial platforms generate unprecedented cellular detail, how do you see AI and multi-omics integration accelerating early detection and treatment response prediction in the next few years?
Progress in AI has been the biggest story in the world over the past several years. Less discussed is the remarkable progress in technologies that measure biology. The two trends are actually incredibly complementary. The newest generations of AI models require relevant large-scale high-quality data. Spatial analysis delivers exactly that. At the same time, spatial analysis stands to benefit from AI’s ability to extract deeper insights from complex data.
The convergence of AI and single cell and spatial technologies connects molecular detail to human health in ways that simply weren’t possible before. As we bring together genomic, spatial and clinical data, we can train AI models to recognize early patterns of disease or predict how patients will respond to treatment.
We’re already seeing this next phase of biology take shape. Across the field, researchers are using 10x tools to build high-resolution biological datasets that power emerging AI models like virtual cells – helping reveal how diseases develop, what happens when those disease cells are perturbed and how we might intervene with more precise therapies. Over the next several years, this convergence will help move precision medicine toward the world of much richer biological data and much greater clarity in clinical decision-making.
Q3. 10x has already transformed how scientists explore tissue biology. Over the next decade, how do you see the company’s role evolving in enabling clinical decision-making and shaping precision medicine?
From the very beginning, we built 10x to measure biology as precisely and robustly as possible – first to enable discovery and ultimately to transform medicine. That next phase is now taking shape, as single-cell and spatial technologies move from the research bench toward clinical applications, much as sequencing did over a decade ago.
Our focus today is on enabling the studies that make that shift possible – large, well-powered translational studies that link cellular biology to clinical outcomes. Those results will define the diagnostics and treatment-selection tools of the future.
Longer term, we see 10x playing a key role in informing patient care. We are continuing to invest in technology capabilities that will make our platforms higher throughput, more integrated, automated and robust for clinical use. We will expand our investment in clinical evidence generation for particularly compelling use cases to accelerate adoption. Over the next decade, our goal is to make single-cell and spatial analysis as essential to understanding disease and guiding its treatment as sequencing is today.
Q4. What moment or discovery in your journey with 10x most clearly showed you the profound impact single-cell and spatial genomics could have on patient care?
There was a poignant story from the early days. A customer used single-cell analysis to look retrospectively at samples from cancer patients who had been treated with immunotherapy. There was a particular patient who had a recurrence and passed away. They couldn’t figure out what happened with the tools available to them at the time. With single-cell, the explanation jumped out very clearly. The researcher told me she wished our tools existed when that patient was still alive, because she would have adjusted the treatment. A small story, but points to so much potential.
Since then, there have been tons of groundbreaking research that reinforces the promise of these technologies to impact patient care. The very first CRISPR-edited cell therapy in humans was monitored using single-cell sequencing, and a recent groundbreaking experiment using cell therapy to cure Lupus was enabled with single-cell as well. Researchers have also used our technologies to map cellular “neighborhoods” in the tumor microenvironment that reveal why some patients respond to therapy and others don’t; map millions of single cells in Alzheimer’s brains, revealing how gene-control systems falter in disease but remain preserved in people who stay cognitively resilient; to uncover the cellular ecosystems that drive glioblastoma progression and therapy resistance; and even to replace painful bone-marrow biopsies with simple, non-invasive blood draws that provide comparable biological insights. Each of these advances is laying the groundwork for what comes next and brings 10x closer to the clinic.
And most recently, in T-ALL, seeing scientists uncover a treatment-resistant cancer cell type using single-cell methods that could change the standard-of-care reinforced in my mind the vision we are building towards: Deep, accurate measurements using our tools leading to better diagnostics and, ultimately, better care.
